Racism :: essays research papers

Racism can destroy the personality and scar the soul.Martin Luther KingAustralian society is made up of a wide variety of groups. These groups of people have different cultural traditions and economic and social background. The success of the communication and interacting of these groups depends generally on the attitudes, values, and behaviour of people towards different groups.Racism is probably the first form of discrimination we think of. It is the belief that some races of people are lacking(p) to other races. Racism usually involves negative acts against the group of people considered inferior. Genocide is the deliberate extermination of a whole race or ethnic or religious grouping of people. The impact of racism on the aboriginal people is not just horrific but genocidal. Racism is a problem for Aboriginal Australians. This includes occupation of Aboriginal domain of a function under the Terra Nullius principle, assimilation, the stolen generation, and Aboriginal Australi ans health.Before the arrival of European settlers, Australia was probably inhabited by as some(prenominal) as 500 different tribal groups of Aboriginal peoples. Many of these groups, their cultures, and their languages have been wiped out by white settlement.Aboriginal Australians traditionally owned land on a group or tribal basis according to birthright. Being a member of a tribe entitled an individual to dwell on a certain designated area of land and to utilise the natural materials from that land.The land was inalienable, that is ownership could not be transferred, because no one really owned the land in the European sense of the word therefore disputes about land did not arise between Aborigines. Upon European settlement in Australia, all helpful available land was carved up by the settlers according to the notion of possession of land based on English law. This division of land failed to cut any land rights held by the original dwellers. Dispossession had a devastating eff ect on Aboriginal societyTo the Aborigines the land was part of their very being. It had a special religious significance and they believed there was a direct relationship between the spirit and the site from which the spirit came. That place was the persons liveliness force and that person was inseparable connected with it and these sites were considered sacred.Within a generation of the first white settlement, many tribal groups were decimated or wiped out. By the 1850s many were on the point of extinction, others were extinct. In the Port Phillip area, for example, government records show that a pre-contact population of about 10000 was reduced to less than 2000 in only eighteen years.

Jacksonian Era: The Removal Policy Essay -- president, native americans

Andrew Jackson, who was the 7th President of the United States, signed the Indian Removal Act in May 28th, 1832 and this policy given(p) Andrew Jackson the right to forcibly move the Native Americans to land west of the Mississippi. Even though it is presumed that any explanation of Jacksons purposes is an attempt to exempt the mass killing of innocent people (Remini, 45) some would say his childhood bear on him seeing and hearing Indians Attacking places near his home. Or how he was the jiffy President to make it into the business without an education. Some people thought that with gold being found in Georgia, this led many new white settlers flavor to buy land from the Cherokee Indians. Although a lot could be said about Andrew Jacksons Removal constitution one thing is for certain, the way the Policy was carried out was a horror. If you could just imagine this with your heart and soul how the policy was carried out, then you could see how terribly the Indians were treated. A ll because they occupied the land they were given in a treaty. The policy affected many people, some in good ways some in bad. Obviously the only people this policy affected in a good way were the white settlers looking to buy the Indians land. The Chickasaw Indians were the only Tribe to not have land in the sore dirt even though they were promised it. They sold their land for $500,000 to the United States Government, and when they showed up and had no land they decided to lease land from Choctaws. The purchase of the land from the other kinsfolk created a trust fund that gave the Chickasaw Indians up to $75,000 a year, and then enabled them to have a cash economy and not rely on the natural purlieu (Kidwell). The unfortunate situation in this enti... ...med, TeacherServe, National Humanities Center. National Humanity Center. 19 Feb. 2014 .Langguth, A. J. Driven West Andrew Jackson and the Trail of Tears to the Civil War. New York Simon & Schuster, 2010. 106+.Potter, Woodburne . The war in Florida. Ann Arbor University Microfilms, 1966. 14+.Satz, Ronald N., Robert Vincent Remini, and Anthony F.C. Wallace. Primary Documents in American History. Indian Removal Act Primary Documents of American History (Virtual Programs & Services, depository library of Congress). The Library of Congress. 18 Feb. 2014 .Smith, William. Expedition against the Ohio Indians. Ann Arbor University Microfilms, 1966. Iii+.Spencer, Oliver M. Indian captivity. Ann Arbor University Microfilms, 1966. 58+.

Interracial Dating Explored in Save the Last Dance Essay -- Films Movi

Interracial Dating Explored in notwithstanding the Last Dance The moving-picture show, Save the Last Dance, goes along with all of our discussions and conversations about the visual difference between the black and white cultures and the stereotyping that Hollywood does of the twain cultures. The movie shows the difference in the two cultures, according to Hollywood.you have your typical white middle-class suburban girl (Sarah) and your typical low-class black boy (Derrick). Save the Last Dance is a love story about the pros and cons that comes along with interracial dating. Hollywood displays Sarah as your typical white girl whose forced to move into a low-class similarity (with her father, Roy), which is inhabited mostly by blacks, later on her mother dies in a tragic car accident on her way to one of her audition. The theme of the movie is really plain and simple. Sarah has always wanted to become a ballerina and attend Julliard, a school of performing arts in New York, howev er, after the death of her mother, she loses the passion for her dream. Like I mentioned above, Sarah was forced to move with her father, Roy, who lived in an old ratty house deep in a ghetto (inhabited mostly by blacks) in New York City. It had to have been a huge culture shock for Sarah, I mean, here is this white middle-class girl who feels that she?s to blame for her mothers death. And in an instant, she?s taken away from her home, neighborhood, and friends and forced to live and attend school in a black ghetto....

Frankenstein Relationships :: Essays Papers

Frankenstein RelationshipsMany stories have progressed enough to be the topic of conference from time to time. The novel, Frankenstein or The Modern Prometheus has different relationships to many other topics. The author of the story, Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley who was born approximately 200 years ago bringing with her the climb on of horror (Edison 5), used biographical strategies to write Frankenstein. Also, as time progressed, Frankenstein became a well-known story. It was turned into many different films that depicted the time period that it happened to be from. One final relationship that Frankenstein has happens to be the way that everyone can draw morals from the story, no matter what the readers age, or how the readers life has evolved. Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley used biographical strategies to write her well-known novel. Frankenstein has plenty of tragedy included to form the storyline. Many women passed away throughout the entire novel. possibly the reason fo r these mishaps was because Shelley watched many women and children die all through her life. For instance, her mother died after giving birth to Shelley. Also, only one of Marys children survived infancy. Mary herself almost died after a miscarriage. Percy Shelleys wife, Harriet, committed suicide. (Percy married Mary after his wife took her own life.) Shelley also demonstrated a bond between specifics such(prenominal) as names, dates and events. For example, the letters that form the narration of the novel were written to Margaret Walton Saville (Whose initials M.W.S are those of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley). These letters were written not only during the time that Mary was passing game through her third pregnancy, but also during the time when she was writing the novel itself. It appears that Mary tries to be a silent person in her story. Most of the substantial scenes revolve around her in some way. Certain dates had a large enough impact on Marys life that she integrated them into her novel. Mellor notice that the day and date on which Walton first sees the creature, Monday, 31 July, had coincided in 1797, the year in which Mary Shelley was born. This fact and other internal evidence led Mellor to think that the novel ends on 12 September 1797, two days after Mary Wollstonecrafts death.

Wright Brothers History :: History

The Wright BrothersAs an up and coming journalist for my hometown paper, the Dayton Daily, I was thrilled to learn that my first major name would be on none other than Daytons very own Wilbur and Orville Wright. The year was 1896 and the Daily cherished me to write an article on the brothers bicycle shop, The Wright Cycle Shop, which was gaining popularity among the locals. Although I was excited about being given my first assignment, I couldnt stand by but feel a low disinterested in the theater of operations. I mean, bicycles had been popular for some time now and there were already hemorrhoid of publications and articles on the two wheeled wonders. I didnt want to write a same old song and dance article. I had ambition, talent, and drive. I cute to write an article on something that would change the world, something pack knew very little about, something inspiring. Although I couldnt wait to make a name for myself, I dogged to put my dreams of grandeur at bay and s tress on doing a great job on my first assignment. When I met the two brothers, originally from Indiana, they were joyful at the idea that their cycle business would be the subject of attention for a newspaper article and they agreed to divulge any information that would help me write the piece. As the day went along I remember asking the brothers if they reckond they would stay in the bicycle industry for the remainder of their foreseeable future and Wilburs answer is what introduced me to the brothers true passion. It was only a few words but at the time I couldnt help but thinking how etymon and ridiculous it sounded, We want to fly. I could scarcely believe it but I was intrigued so I pressed them for more information. They began to tell me about their following of Otto Lilienthal come in setting glides in Germany and their intrigue in the subject of flight. Skepticism filled my head but as a journalist, I knew that this was practically uncharted land and if the broth ers were to make strives in manned flight, I could perhaps be in on the ground floor. I simply couldnt pass up this fortune so I talked the brothers into letting me check in with them from time to time in order to keep me up to date on their progress.Wright Brothers History HistoryThe Wright BrothersAs an up and coming journalist for my hometown paper, the Dayton Daily, I was thrilled to learn that my first major article would be on none other than Daytons very own Wilbur and Orville Wright. The year was 1896 and the Daily wanted me to write an article on the brothers bicycle shop, The Wright Cycle Shop, which was gaining popularity among the locals. Although I was excited about being given my first assignment, I couldnt help but feel a little disinterested in the subject. I mean, bicycles had been popular for some time now and there were already scores of publications and articles on the two wheeled wonders. I didnt want to write a same old song and dance article. I had ambition, talent, and drive. I wanted to write an article on something that would change the world, something people knew very little about, something inspiring. Although I couldnt wait to make a name for myself, I decided to put my dreams of grandeur at bay and focus on doing a great job on my first assignment. When I met the two brothers, originally from Indiana, they were pleased at the idea that their cycle business would be the subject of attention for a newspaper article and they agreed to divulge any information that would help me write the piece. As the day went along I remember asking the brothers if they believed they would stay in the bicycle industry for the remainder of their foreseeable future and Wilburs answer is what introduced me to the brothers true passion. It was only a few words but at the time I couldnt help but thinking how radical and ridiculous it sounded, We want to fly. I could scarcely believe it but I was intrigued so I pressed them for more infor mation. They began to tell me about their following of Otto Lilienthal record setting glides in Germany and their intrigue in the subject of flight. Skepticism filled my head but as a journalist, I knew that this was practically uncharted territory and if the brothers were to make strives in manned flight, I could possibly be in on the ground floor. I simply couldnt pass up this opportunity so I talked the brothers into letting me check in with them from time to time in order to keep me up to date on their progress.

Wright Brothers History :: History

The Wright BrothersAs an up and coming journalist for my hometown paper, the Dayton Daily, I was thrilled to hold that my first major obligate would be on none other than Daytons very own Wilbur and Orville Wright. The year was 1896 and the Daily wished me to save up an expression on the brothers bicycle shop, The Wright pass Shop, which was gaining popularity among the locals. Although I was excited about being given my first assignment, I couldnt help solely feel a circumstantial disinterested in the subject. I mean, bicycles had been popular for some clock now and there were already scores of publications and articles on the devil wheeled wonders. I didnt want to write a same old song and dance article. I had ambition, talent, and drive. I wanted to write an article on something that would change the world, something people knew very little about, something inspiring. Although I couldnt wait to make a name for myself, I decided to put my dreams of blaze at bay and focus on doing a great job on my first assignment. When I met the two brothers, originally from Indiana, they were pleased at the root word that their cycle business would be the subject of vigilance for a newspaper article and they agreed to divulge any information that would help me write the piece. As the day went along I remember intercommunicate the brothers if they believed they would stay in the bicycle industry for the remainder of their foreseeable future and Wilburs answer is what introduced me to the brothers real passion. It was only a few words hardly at the time I couldnt help but thinking how radical and ridiculous it sounded, We want to fly. I could scarcely believe it but I was intrigued so I pressed them for more information. They began to tell me about their following of Otto Lilienthal record setting glides in Germany and their intrigue in the subject of flight. Skepticism alter my head but as a journalist, I knew that this was practically uncharted territory and if the brothers were to make strives in manned flight, I could possibly be in on the ground floor. I simply couldnt pass up this opportunity so I talked the brothers into letting me check in with them from time to time in order to keep me up to date on their progress.Wright Brothers History HistoryThe Wright BrothersAs an up and coming journalist for my hometown paper, the Dayton Daily, I was thrilled to learn that my first major article would be on none other than Daytons very own Wilbur and Orville Wright. The year was 1896 and the Daily wanted me to write an article on the brothers bicycle shop, The Wright Cycle Shop, which was gaining popularity among the locals. Although I was excited about being given my first assignment, I couldnt help but feel a little disinterested in the subject. I mean, bicycles had been popular for some time now and there were already scores of publications and articles on the two wheeled wonders. I didnt want to write a same old so ng and dance article. I had ambition, talent, and drive. I wanted to write an article on something that would change the world, something people knew very little about, something inspiring. Although I couldnt wait to make a name for myself, I decided to put my dreams of grandeur at bay and focus on doing a great job on my first assignment. When I met the two brothers, originally from Indiana, they were pleased at the idea that their cycle business would be the subject of attention for a newspaper article and they agreed to divulge any information that would help me write the piece. As the day went along I remember asking the brothers if they believed they would stay in the bicycle industry for the remainder of their foreseeable future and Wilburs answer is what introduced me to the brothers true passion. It was only a few words but at the time I couldnt help but thinking how radical and ridiculous it sounded, We want to fly. I could scarcely believe it but I was intrigued so I pressed them for more information. They began to tell me about their following of Otto Lilienthal record setting glides in Germany and their intrigue in the subject of flight. Skepticism filled my head but as a journalist, I knew that this was practically uncharted territory and if the brothers were to make strives in manned flight, I could possibly be in on the ground floor. I simply couldnt pass up this opportunity so I talked the brothers into letting me check in with them from time to time in order to keep me up to date on their progress.

Own Business Essay

If I were to start my own line of work, the first decision I would make would be in decision making what product or service my familiarity would produce or provide. For example, do I have a greater interest in the area of production or service? In deciding this, I would investigate the market to determine if there was a need for the product or service I was considering. I would also conduct research to determine what area (s) would be some of the better areas to begin the type of business I plan on undertaking.Things I might consider would be the competition, noticeable need for my product or service in the area and even presenting the idea at a public meeting in the area while evaluating the response I receive. Another key type of decision would be determining the size of the business. on with determining for example whether the business would be a small business, medium-size or large business, I would need to determine the staffing needs of the business. As Al Coke stated in the book, Seven go to a Successful Business Plan, What are your short-term and long-term staffing requirements?What kinds of skills will be needed at each level, now and in the future? (Coke, 2002). Along the same line, what types of employees will be needed for the positions. If my company is involved in technology, I would need to hire individuals with training and education in the technology field. deciding upon which tools and equipment will be needed for the operation of the business I have chosen would be another key decision needed to be made. For example, if I were considering opening a restaurant, I would need to look into the prices, types and sizes of the various commercial cooking equiptment available.One could include the companys vision and mission statements as key decisions when starting up a company. As stated in Mr. Cokes own words, You must have two stakes in the ground to build a story and a subsequent business plan vision and mission. One creates passion and t he other provides purpose (Coke, 2002, p. 111). There would be different financial decisions to be made. For example, how much will I need or can I afford for start-up costs? What are the long-term ceiling investment requirements?In writing all of the financial decisions down, a good question to ask would be, Do the financial numbers make good business sense? (Coke, 2002, p. 33) Although the items listed above would just be some of the key decisions I would make when considering starting a business, I would definitely include a indite business plan. In the business plan I would include information like that which I have listed above along with statistical information and data that I would use throughout my business inception and into the future.

Impact of the Collision of the Old and New World on Europeans, Africans, and the Indians Essay

The collision of the New and Old World impacted the Europeans, Africans, and Indigenous mess immensely. When the two worlds were introduced to each other they set up trade routes, much(prenominal) as the Columbian Exchange. Although it was new for all terzetto of them, they adjusted well to the changes over time. The introduction of the new foods, animals, indispositions, religious matters, etc. made all three groups forced to accommodate.In 1492, Africans along with the Europeans and the Indians, created the Columbian Exchange after Christopher Columbus discovered them. The Africans didnt have a choice on whether they wanted to make sense to the New World or not, they were shipped here on tiny boats and due to the death of the Indians the Europeans forced them to do the hard labor without any pay. They scarpered in farms and/or vegetationations for their masters who provided them with limited or no rights and they lived in horrible conditions. In return, the Africans received different varieties of crops, for example, potatoes, corn, beans, tomatoes, and many other crops. Europeans also tried to convert both Africans and Indians to Christianity and succeeded.In 1519, Hernan Cortez, plus one hundred men, landed on the island of Cozumel. The men who landed had been enslaved for many years by the Mayans, but finally away. As the Indians settled, they were introduced to a new way of life, soon becoming a wide-range hunting society in which they roamed the open land for buffalo. The Indians had to adjust to slave work as the Europeans had them work in the sugar mills and cane fields. The Europeans brought along a variety of diseases, which soon killed a large group of the Indians, the population started at 1 one thousand thousand and ended at 200. This caused the Indians into taking revenge against the Europeans. They did so by injecting the first sexually transmitted diseases such as syphillis into Europe.Revenge was the only feasible extract for the nativ es because how cruel the Europeans were to them. After the invasion of Hernan Cortes in 1519 and Pizarro in 1533, the Europeans forced the Indians to give them their land and crops. The Europeans used the lands for agriculture and as sources of precious metals, and were able to successfully plant sugar and tobacco plantations. With such great demand for these crops back in Europe there was a necessity for large amounts of labor. Being that most of the natal population was either familiar with the land and could easily run away or was wiped out by disease, they couldnt enslave them. To fill the void odd by the indigenous people, the Europeans decided to enslave millions of Africans instead. The Africans werent likely to run away because of the unfamiliarity of the land and they wouldnt know how to feed themselves. In 1545, Hernando de Soto, Francisco Vasquez de Coronado, and Alvar Nunes Cabeza de Vaca nominate liquid in Potosoi. The Spanish wealth and power was based on the New W orlds specie and silver mines, all the gold and silver made the Spanish in power for about 100 years.The creation of the New World and the Columbian Exchange impacted three ethnicities the Europeans, the indigenous, and the Africans. Despite the fewer minor setbacks the Europeans had to go through, such as the starving time and the spread of syphillis, the Europeans were impacted in a very positive way. They were able to find gold and silver and plant many crops, and as a result were able to create the 13 colonies. But the indigenous people did not benefit, most died from disease brought by the Europeans or were tortured and killed. Out of all three groups the Africans had the most negative impact, thousands were forced to work and they were left with no rights. The troubles from the New World nonoperational impact America to this day Africans werent granted their rights back until many years later and unfortunately there is still racism, the few indigenous people left live in re servations, and because of the Europeans we have America.

Organizational Ethics Essay

In the industrial era, organizations slang created untenable problems for clean-living experts by becoming bother about illustrations of the dynamic social processes that defy attempts to apply traditional moral theory and detached philosophical wisdom. Kaufman (1973) observed that bureaucratic managers often privately approve of behaviour that they ac familiarity publically as illegal or unethical.Expectations for faithfulness to the organization and for obedience to managerial direction set the a priori guidelines for moral conduct, and a given organization can develop and impose its own row of deflect on the individual with an organizationally specific moral high society that can seem to pre-empt external social order. Organization members can defy leafy vegetable social or religious morality when they be acting on behalf of the organization and encounter justified in doing so because their behavior is judged within the circumstance of the organization (Jackall, 1988).Y et, employees rarely exhibit unacceptable behavior in guild that is acceptable inside the organizations boundaries. Society holds the organization accountable as a rational actor, but rarely are the individuals actually responsible for creating organizational outcomes entailed in that accountability. Modern understanding of ethics emphasizes the behavioral aspects to the extent that the spoken communication ethics and morals are commonly used interchangeably by philosophers to refer to behavioral standards, codes of conduct or principles upon which these standards and codes are based.But, the different words imply different things. According to Bauman, ethics is more or lessthing more than a mere description of what batch do more even than a description of what they believe they ought to be doing in order to be decent, just, good or, more generally, in the right (1994 1). All organization members make decisions, the collective manifestations of which fall into certain patterns that result in more or less consistent outcomes. The exploration of these patterns can be conducted using political frameworks.Deetz has asserted that organizations make most decisions examineing the use of resources, the develop workforcet of technologies, the products available, and the operative relations among people (1992 3). While it can be argued that a substantial portion of industrial technology is developed at the behest of the military, it is clear that organizations have interpreted on legion(predicate) roles heretofore expected of government. Deetz further suggested that the states power is restricted to crude guidance through taxation and regulation.Philosophical vista of Organizational Ethics The examination of contemporary nature and functioning of organization could be considered in terms of Aristotles philosophical system. Clearly the structure of society Aristotle had in mind when he wrote The Politics (Aristotle, 1962) was something completely different than the structure of industrial society. However, it may be possible to speculate on how he skill have applied his fundamental principles of governance to modern times.Aristotle would certainly not regard a queen-sized and pluralistic country such as the the States or any industrial European country as the equivalent of a city/state (hereafter referred to as a polis a political community). A polis, he said, must(prenominal) have a population large enough to cater for all the needs of a self-sufficient existence, but not so large that it cannot be easily supervised (1962 VII, 4). It is doubtful even that he would regard the USA as culturally homogeneous enough to give restrain to a polis kindred to that provided to Athens by Hellenic culture.He might, however, consider an organization to be a form of polis. If so, then there would be implications for what we regard as organizational ethics. To begin with, Aristotle advocated slavery as an important economic tool for pledge of th e polis. While we in industrial society believe that owning people is immoral, we have no moral problem with the concept of the organization owning an employee for a specified period of time each day.Substituting the words supervisor for superscript and subordinate for slave, the characteristics of this intermittent ownership are scarcely discernible from Aristotles slavery the master/slave relationship is a reciprocal relationship get together by a common interest (they cannot do without each other) above all subordinates must be obedient not being obedient is ground for termination subordinates must actualize only tasks specified by their supervisors and not other tasks subordinates may not slack from performing these tasks subordinates must perform these tasks when consistent to perform them and within the time period allotted and, except under certain conditions, subordinates may not supplement their work with activities of their own choosing.Many employers feel justified imposing restrictions on soulfulnessal relationships, and on affiliations with other organizations. Slavery was not only important economically for Aristotle, but it represented the natural order of things He that can by his intelligence foresee things needed is by nature a ruler and master, while he whose bodily strength enables him to perform them is by nature a slave (1962 I, 2). The organizational chart is a sophisticated method for establishing, conventionalizing and validating the master/slave relationship. Because Aristotle considered business line to be a household activity and not a political activity, it is tempting to consider the organization as a representation of Aristotles household, which is the repository of slavery.Aristotle delimit the polis in a number of similar ways, but we can accept that it is a community of some kind, and every community is established with a view to some good (1962 I, 1). The purpose of the polis is of supreme importance in distinguishin g it from other social entities the state or political community, which is the highest of all, and which embraces all the rest, aims, and in a greater head than any other, at the highest good (19621, 1). The purpose of an organization is, or should be, much more than simply serving customers and making profits (Deming, 1986). The organization is defined by its constitution, and it has a number of specific characteristics. For one, it is of a manageable size, as alluded to above.For another(prenominal), it has a limited membership of citizens We do not for a moment accept the impulse that we must give the name citizen to all persons whose presence is necessary for the existence of the state (1962 III, 5). States have little in common, so in each bailiwick the citizen is defined by the constitution. Aristotle would limit citizenship in a number of ways, but he defined a citizen as angiotensin converting enzyme who has the ability and the chance to figure in government (1962 III, 5). In a truly democratic organization (which Aristotle would not recommend) that might include all employees. In an ideal organization, Aristotle would limit citizenship to managers what he would call an aristocracy.The constitution of an organization is defined by its charter and its strategic and operating plans, the sum of which include its mission, its standard operating policies and procedures, its organizational chart (structure) and its strength manual covering all three of the elements cited above. Deming (1986) would suggest that the constitution of an organization provides for its constancy of purpose the point of being in business in the first off place. There are basically three types of organizations (1) monarchies, run by entrepreneurs or autocrats (2) aristocracies, run chiefly by some combination of boards of directors, executives and organizational managers (this type has many varieties) and (3) democracies, run by some constitutional form of employee consensu s.Determination of a specific organizations type for the purposes of measurement should be guided by some assessment of attitudes toward the supervisor/subordinate relationship from both sides of that relationship. There were many beloved masters in the history of slavery. True democracies allow for have few, if any, symbols used to determine and to enforce differences in status, and will have institutionalized methods of achieving consensus. Two essentials for the state (1962 VII, 4) are a supply of bear on, and a territory. The workforce supplies the labor for an organization, and the territory is defined by organizational boundaries, assets and market share.Additional essential parts (1962 VII, 8) include (a) food the sustenance, in the case of organizations we can cite products (profits? ) as that which sustains the striving for goals (b) tools and crafts the technology used to make products (c) arms for protection and acquisition of new territory, provided for organization s by marketing and legal departments (d) wealth capital (e) religion that which guides sane behavior and explains the unexplainable and finally that part which is most essential (f) a method of arriving at decisions about policy and about right and wrong defined by the constitution. Organizational Ethics Contemporary View Ethics are sources of identity and motivation for mature individuals, representing some sense of prevailing telos.A person develops an ethic by learning cultural convention and then modifies what has been learned according to insight and personal experience. The point is often taken for granted a good deal of that which influences the development of an ethic is not likely to be grasped consciously by the individual. Ethics establish states of existence for individuals that make them, for example, more or less predisposed to accept or reject authority and supervision of their activities. Ethics induce people to seek out the association of others who share simila r ethics. Organizations, to varying degrees, represent political associations and opportunities for political activity that cannot otherwise be experienced or constructed by individuals within the greater society.While conventional knowledge holds that organizations are narrowly purposeful and rationally managed entities, research get words processes that can best be explained as political activity (Barker, 1994 Jackall, 1988) (a) functional groups compete for ascendancy of ideas, influence and resources, which is characterized by conflict (b) the level of power and influence of any one manager depends upon that individual prevailing in conflicts regularly (c) the corporate and bureaucratic structures are set up by and for those with the most controlling power (d) achiever or failure of managers has little to do with actual accomplishments, but rather with despotic perceptions of ones ability by others and with supportive alliances (that is, success and failure are socially defin ed, not empirically metric) (e) truth is socially constructed and the organization mobilizes to support manufactured reality promoted by those in power (f) uncertainty in the organization and in management processes facilitates redefinition of organizational reality and therefore, (g) decisions are based in political agreement, and agreement is based in comparative power and influence.Jackall found that the moral system for managers in bureaucratic organizations includes some of the following principles (a) striving for success is a moral imperative (b) rising stars serve to validate the moral system (c) criteria for success are bounded by the system and can be based in illusion rather than in reality success is often the result of taking credit for the good and avoiding blame for the bad (d) self-control, and not necessarily rule-following behavior, is a moral imperative (e) morality is determined by flexibility and adaptability to changing political realities, and not by strong convictions (f) bad things must be covered up or reframed in order to protect the system and, (g) morality is a matter of survival and gaining advantage.For the citizen of this polis, morality has different implications than it does for those we may call employees, which Aristotle might recognize as slaves. While all employees may be initiated as organizational members, only a select few will undergo extensive initiation to achieve the status of citizen. In the ordinary Dynamics examine, employees at lower levels of the organization expected their quality of life to remediate as a result of the Ethics Program (Barker, 1993). The failure of their expectations to be realized was commonly attributed by them to immoral behavior on the part of managers. These employees had not been indoctrinated into citizenship.Most never would be. Consequently, they understood the basic customs that govern the masses, but not the protocol of the political elite. Middle and senior level managers at G eneral Dynamics, who were citizens, commonly viewed the Ethics Program as simply another political obligation. Instead of an opportunity for improvement, most managers experienced the program as yet another uncertainty to be managed in their quest to succeed. Their conformance to the rules established by the program was established by the constitution, and their experience of justice was directly related to which of their behaviors were measured and rewarded by the polis.Supervisors were citizens-in-training, and were caught amongst their understanding of the desires of employees for improved quality of life and their realization that the political goal of the program was to improve customer relations with the Navy in particular and with the Pentagon in general that is, to improve the quality of life for citizens and not necessarily for the masses. The decisions of the polis were governed by the need to survive and to protect territory. The welfare of the masses was alternative t o this goal, and was considered ultimately irrelevant should the polis fail. Organizational Ethics Gender Aspects Diversity in the work place is among the issues important to contemporary business concerns. Diversity itself is a large agenda, within which issues of inclusion, personnel advancement, and appropriate work relationships for all employees emerge.The ability of all employees to work in ways that build upon their competencies, to allow them to advance for the betterment of the corporation, and to provide and contribute to the individuals best advantage are important for management. Recent reports suggest that firms illustrating diversity through company-wide inclusion are more belligerent in the current marketplace (Gilbert, 1999). When sub-groups of employees, such as males and females within a corporation, are revealed to have quite differing perceptions of their work life, however, it garners the attention of management. There is always the initiative that such differ ences highlight other potential problematic areas such as discrimination, harassment, or ceiling effects that will ultimately emerge, thereby reducing a companys competitive edge.From the critical point of view, gender as it pertains to ethics is one aspect within the larger context of business ethics. One reason to focus on this question is the increasing attention given to diversity in the work place (Gilbert, 1999). There is also an increase in the number of women in the work force, women entering business schools, and women in management positions. Additionally, there is a suggestion that women, in general, are more ethical than men (Clark and Barry, 1997). Several studies examine the differences between men and women in business. These studies involve, for example, students, managers, and professionals in business endeavors.One assumption that is explored is whether females have a greater propensity for ethical behavior than males. In a knowledge of attitudes of practitioners regarding ethical judgment, females are found to adopt a more ethical stance than their male peers (Weeks, 1999) findings that support an earlier study on gender related to business intent and judgment (Robin and Babin, 1997). In the latter study, there is no difference on ethical judgment between male and female professionals in business. Schminke (1997) reports that male and female managers do not differ on their underlying ethical models, but they differ in the bearing in which they evaluate others.Another report from these data reveals that men and women are different in business and non-business settings regarding their ethical decision models (Schminke and Ambrose, 1997). In a study among undergraduate business students, males and females offer different perceptions of a just society (Prasad, 1998). Studies of ethical climate and gender reveal that female business students are importantly more predisposed to a positive ethical climate than are male business students (Luthar, 1997). Lastly, a study exploring differences of male and female managers reveals that in some situations females are more ethical, but in others they are not (Hoffman, 1998).Another dimension of organizational ethics that has been examined involves behavior surrounding the reporting of a workfellow for an ethics issue. Gender and supervisor support are two variables found to be related to willingness to engage in external whistle blowing in business (Sims and Keenan, 1998). Females are more willing than males to participate in whistle blowing in their place of employment. In summary, the results of studies in business ethics that examine differences between males and females reveal mixed results, but the predominance of findings suggest that females are more predisposed to ethical situations than are males. The results are true both for students and for employees in business.

Women fashion 1930’s

Due to the crash of the Wall Street on October twenty-fourth 1929 many people thought that fashion was going to be crippled, but thankfully fashion continued and grew over the years. 2. After the crash women had to sew and while their own cloths. Due to this women who had great sewing skills began copying magazines and the latest fashion. This action was the of starts of necklines lowering, and skirts were being designed with greater detail 3. The style of the sasss began with clothing that was elegant and botfly feminine. . The cloche hats of the asss were replaced by hats with brims worn over the by rights eye at an angle, berets, and pillboxes. 5. Pillboxes are hats that women wore at an angle. Pillboxes where created in the thirties, and were designed in the shape of a square to fit right on top of the head 6. Women were designing skirts with a v-necked shape extending from one hip to the other on the upper part of the skirt this design was called a yoke. 7. Skirts were beginni ng to have a ruffed look and were beginning to become layered.Womens skirts were beginning to be filled with many gatherings and pleats at the very bottom as well. 8. A material that was very popular was fur. If a woman wanted fur and she had the money for it than she got fur. Many different types of fur were worn both during the day and at night. 9. Some different fur products such as fur scarves (a whole pelt with feet, head, and tail all together, were worn over the shoulder or carried in arms), capes, trimmings adoring dresses, and coats uses furs or pelts.Those furs or pelts come from animals such as a mink, abbot, fox, lamb, wolf, stable, and chinchilla. Or any animal fur from trapping or hunting. 10. During the sasss the pot bags were very similar to the hand bags of the sasss. The bags were beaded and enameled meshed, but during the asss leather hand bags had started to become popular. 11. A day dress had a bodice that could be draped with cause shoulders or bloused. The d resses were slender with the waist lightly defined and an easy fitted vertical line. 12. During the sasss a lot of different shoe styles.Thick rounded toes pumps wide heels flats ankle straps with retard heels lace-up slip-ones buckles and two-toned spectators. 13. Women adapted Hollywood fashion with what they saw in movies. The Hollywood fashion was especially adapted into evening wear. 14. The hemline of skirts and dresses were in a tug-of-war between how many inches from the ankles the hemline was allowed to be. At the end of the decade skirts were shortened and no longer in a tug-of-war. 15. The Art deco movement heavily influenced fashion in the early asss.Some popular motifs were exotic, floral, geometric, abstract, and lay Eastern. 16. Dresses were made of natural fibers (sometimes linen, mostly cotton, wool, and silk), acetate fabric, and rayon. 17. In 1933 American tennis player Alice marble, was the first to publicly wear shorts. By 1934 sports cloths were frequently be ing worn. Womens activewear developed into wide legged mid-thigh shorts, beach pajamas, culottes, halters, tanks, plaudits, skirted bathing suits, middy blouses, wide legged sailor slacks, and sport suits. 18.A new type of dress that also appeared in 1934 was the Hoovers. These dresses were made of cotton, tied, and wrapped around the back. 19. In 1937 business women found favor with suits. Wearing a suit made people take women more gravely when their attire is a more masculine form off dress. 20. When women started wearing suits a new style of Jacket was created to go with their dresses. The Jacket was shorter and went to the waist, had high pockets or yoke trims. The Jacket also had with it a shawl or tuxedo collar, and elbow length sleeves to go over their dress.

Implementing 5S Concept in Warehouse Management Essay

xThe coiffe of 5S aims to embed the values of organization, neatness, cleaning, standardization and discipline into the make forplace (Osada, 1991). Besides, the 5S concept also widely apply into store attention because the 5S concept are emphasize on the effective organize and arrangement of the item in the warehouse in say to eliminate the unnecessary items from the warehouse for improve the efficiency of the storage methods. The implementation of 5S concept also can uncover hidden problems that may have otherwise remained unnoticed.According to Rod Gapp, Ron fisher and Kaoru Kobayashi (2008), the benefit and advantages of implementing the 5S can be summarize as take over Orderliness (seiri and seiton) can maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of the warehouse operation, productivity and cycle quantify act by reducing the employees workload and human errors through simplify the process in the material handling in order to reduce the warehouse order cycle time and outg rowth inventory turnover. Cleanliness (seiso and seiketsu) to maximize effectiveness by contributing to a healthier life, safety and wellheadbeing as well as enhancing transparency. The comfortable working condition can motivate the employees to work hard for the party that can now increase the warehouse productivity performance. In addition, the cleanliness of the warehouse can prevent the pollution cases from happening to care for the welfare and right of the employees that working in the warehouse.Moreover, the cleanliness and well arrangement of the inventory can directly increase the transparency because all the inventory are visible for reduce the stealing cases, increase the put away and inventory accuracy. Discipline (shitsuke) through ceaseless training and education to the employees can enhance their morale, knowledge, and skills which lead to increased quality of work life and work standards (Osada, 1991). The training program to the employees can directly increase the productivity of he warehouse because the employees are adapted to the effective skills in material handling and they can eliminate the unnecessary step in order to improve the warehouse order cycle time and reach to the cost effectiveness. The well discipline among the employees can increase the unity level among the employees that come from different departments and finally eliminate the communication barrier among them that lead to the well interaction among them.There are 5 elements in the 5S concept that should be implementing by the company in order to improve the performance of the warehouse and achieve costs effectiveness. These 5 elements in 5S concept will be discussed and summarize as follow Sort (Seiri) The first S focused on eliminating unnecessary items from the warehouse to increase the space utilization of the warehouse because the cost space of the warehouse is precise expensive that including the utilities, wages of employees, and insurances costs.The produc ts was placed strategically so that heavy products could be picked first and smaller lighter items picked last, in order to eliminate the need to restack pallets and repress any accident to occur. The walk paths were set up in the warehouse with no loop back during order picking to complete an order. Man up order pickers were used to eliminate the need for ladders, and to assist with order picking from level 2 and 3. Set In Order (Seiton) The second S focuses on efficient and effective storage methods.Racking was purchased and erected in the warehouse to increase the available space in the warehouse and wide aisles is very important to pass on fast movement for picking and replenishment (and use all available space) and to support the ability to use all materials handling equipment in all areas of the warehouse in order to increase put away accuracy and minimize the physical effort during material handling process. Shine (Seiso) The third S is to good clean the warehouse and thi s elements are strongly emphasize that all racking were fixed to the floor and each location was labeled.No product was allowed in the aisles and no product was allowed into the pick face from bulk until all stretch wrap was removed. Pyramid picking was not allowed and the cleanliness of the warehouse is the responsibility of all the staffs in the warehouse. The staffs in the warehouse are requiring cleaning the floor with an electric sweeper and not a broom and everyone takes turns as part of their duties. Standardize (Seiketsu) The fourth S is standardizing practice in warehouse in order to maintain the first three Ss.Organization, orderliness, and cleanliness are maintained and made habitual by instituting those duties into regular work routines. The methods need to be standardized and followed company-wide. Once the first three Ss are in place, standardize the details and create a plan to maintain and continue improving everything. This plan should include creating procedures a nd simple daily checklists, which are posted very visibly in each work area. The checklist should fare as a visual reminder to ensure that the daily 5S requirements are being met. Sustain (Shitsuke) The fifth S (Sustain) allows an organization to sustain the 5S program due to the human nature is to resist change and some companies implement 5S for several months only to find themselves soon back to their previous habits. To make 5S work, it is critical that performance is measured and that top management is committed to ensure that 5S becomes part of the company culture, makes periodic walk through inspections, audits and posts results.

How does Atwood explore the theme of love in the novel ‘The Handmaid’s Tale’?

The Handmaids Tale, by Marg art A iiod describes the story of Offred, a Handmaid, a woman ascribed a breeding function by the society in which she lives in, and who is placed with a husband and wife higher up the social ladder that need a child. Through Offreds eyes we look the rigidity of the theocracy in which she lives, the contradictions in the society they down created, and her attempts to find solace done otherwise trivial things. In this essay I will prattle and explore the issue of how have it away is portrayed throughout the Handmaids Tale.The people and the situations, where have it away is required and abused, such as in the ceremony The immediate form of love in the novel is the love surrounded by Offred and her best friend Moira. This love is portrayed to the readers through the eyes of friendship shared between two people through times of childhood, right through to the times of hardship, such as in the society of Gilead. Moira has been Offreds friend right fro m high school, when she would have it away around her house, dropping her denim jacket onto the floor Right through to the times where Offred was having an affair, with Luke, her present husband. Moiras love for Offred seems to come across as her guide and advisor, she is the one individual expound by Offred as being a fantasy and also by the other handmaids.When Moira and Offred meet one another after a time of separation in the mod regime Offred describes being ridiculously happy. This immediately indicates to the reader, the fact that the friendship shared between these two women is so intense that even after a tenacious separation they are belt up excited and happy to see one another.Most readers can relate to this, from their personal experiences, when they have been separated from their childhood friends and thusly have come into touch, these findings are both felt and explored by the handmaids and the readers, who relate to the feelings and emotions of separation. The one factor against their friendship in the society is that they are unable to explain what they feel for one another, they derived of talking and making any form of communication towards one another, Friendships were suspicious e avoided distributively other. This also immediately informs the reader of the fact that these two women care for one another to such an extent that they are unable to cause any harm to one another, if it means to not talk to each other than so be it, they will not talk to one another. They care for one another to the extent that they will not allow a ridiculous law from the Gileadian society to come between their most intense and long friendship.The readers can relate to this from their own experiences, because if they too have intense friendships with their friends wherefore they too will try their utmost hardest to not allow any one or any law to come between them. The love of friendship between Moira and Offred, outlines the fact that there are still people funding in this society that value friendship, even though it is forbidden. Like Moira, from Offreds preceding(a) she had memories of her husband Luke and her new(a) little girl, whom she loved very much and also the two closest family members she lost the night they were running away from the society of Gilead.Memories of her daughter seem to always be sad, as the flash backs she gets of her daughter are of a distressing nature. This is a clear example of when Offred has a nightmare of the night she was running with her (her daughter). Offred remembers holding her daughters hand and then also seeing her go away from me being carried away from me. These memories of Offreds daughter are extremely painful for her as she wakes up wiping her wet face, which are obviously tears.From this the readers come to a conclusion that Offred loved and still loves her daughter so much that even when she thinks or dreams of her it brings tears to her eyes. Offred loves her daughter so mu ch and probably celestial latitude and is saddened by the fact that she was unable to say her final goodbye to her own daughter. Even though Offred throughout most of her novel doesnt know where her daughter is she, or whether she is still alive or not, she believes in her heart that her daughter is still alive and one day in the future she will meet her.This immediately shows that readers that the love and bond between mother and daughter is so deep that Offred, a mother still is adamant that one day they will meet again. Luke, Offreds husband, like their daughter has also been taken away from Offred, who has no idea where he has been taken, what he does and whether is still alive. However Offred is still in the belief that like her daughter Luke is well, tidy and one day he too will meet her and all three of them will run away as far as assertable where the Gileadian society will not find them.Offred loved Luke so much in her past that she was willing to spend days and even nig ht with him, in the first place the divorce, of him and his present wife at that time which was not Offred. This immediately informs the readers that the love that was shared between Offred and Luke was so intense that they were willing to leave everything that they had in the past to be with one another, and if this meant Luke divorcing his wife for Offred then so be it. The extent of their love was the result of their daughter.Offred throughout the novel has believed that Luke and her would re unite again in the past, she fanticises of him when shes on her own, I motivation Luke here so bad I want to be held, told my name want to be valued I want to be more than valued. This immediately informs the readers that the love shared between Offred and her husband Luke, was a love in which Offred felt loved and valued not used for the single objective of commove, safe to make babies for the un-women The theme of love in the novel is given a whole new identity in the Handmaids Tale, this, because, love is if you have strong emotional feelings of partiality for someone. The ideas of making love is when two people in love and have sexual and romantic feelings towards each other and express it through making love-sex. However in the handmaids Tale, the handmaids are being completely used for the function of making babies for the couples that cant have any.These women are having sex with men they are not in love with, with men who dont feel anything towards them, with men who vindicatory want them for the function of making babies and nothing else. There is no emotional attachment Kissing is forbidden this is the total abuse of the name and meaning of love. As far as the Gileadian society is concerned, there should be no love between two people, women should be baby and sex machines to use whenever they want, this is shown to the readers when Nick is described as not having a woman issued to him yetTherefore the context of actual love does not exist in the no vel love is only sex and babies. No emotional attachment, as in the ceremony, where Offred is held down and fucked, by the commanders, who fucks her and leaves. The ceremony in which the commander fucks Offred is blatantly the most disturbing forms of so called love in the novel. In this scene, Offred is pinned down by the commanders wife, whilst the commander fucks her. Kissing is forbidden, which obviously means that there is no emotional or sexual attachment in the whole mathematical operation of making love.Offred herself explains that she is not making love with the commander. It is him who is yet fucking her. From this ceremony the readers come to a conclusion and realise that the actual meaning of love had be re-written, just like the palimpsest, therefore the people living in the society have had to stop the normal way they should be thinking about making love and now just have sex for the benefit of having children.Overall I come to a conclusion, that the theme of by Mar garet Atwood, love in the novel has been completely abused by those living in this regime, especially the commanders. I also come to a conclusion that there are still some people in the regime, such as the handmaids, who still crave the desires they have had in the past, such as being valued and loved by their husbands.Also I have learnt that love in this novel is not inevitably about sex but also the love between two friends Offred and Moira, who are each others backbones throughout the novel, inspiring each other to become better people and oer come this regime. Finally I have also learn that love is not only about sex its about loving one another mentally, emotionally and then physically, you only realise what you had in the past, until you lose it this is what has happen to the handmaids.

The Consequences Of Indias Regulated Economic Development Economics Essay

The Indian frugal system provides a uncovering contrast between how persons match under a government-controlled milieu and how they respond to a market-establish environment. Evidence suggests that recent market reforms that encouraged virtuoso endeavor have led to high scotch festering in that state.India can bring forth unembellished frugal maturation by furthering entrepreneurial activity at heart its boundary lines. To prosecute farther the entrepreneurial attack to scotch growing, India must forthwith supply chances for( 3 ) Networking among possible enterp advancers and their experient opposite numbers. Further, although the Indian governing should set up policies supportive of entrepreneurial attempts, its persona overall should be minimized so that the influence of the free market and wizard opportunism can be to the full realized. sparing organic evolution, achieved for the most part finished productiveness growing, is really of import to twain develo ped and developing states. However, even though we know that higher(prenominal) productiveness places to better economic results ( for illustration, higher income, more picks to the con shopping centerers, better quality merchandises, etc. ) , there has been no consensus among research workers about either the coveted way of development or the function of res publica in economic development.The function of the province in economic development began to alter dramatically with the coming of the Industrial Revolution. In the West, the ensuing industrialisation and economic development were based on the constitution of single belongings rights that encouraged the growing of t douree-nosed swell. Competition and single endeavor thrive in this environment because persons pursue their opportunism of endurance and wealth accumulation. The inherent aptitude to last under competitory force per unit areas outputs invention and productiveness additions, which finally lead to both develo pmentd net incomes for concern and lower monetary values to consumers. However, the rise and spread of capitalist economy led a figure of minds to see the effects of the market-based attack to development. Socialists argued that capitalist economy ( or private ownership of capital ) can take to greater inequalities of income and wealth, while developmental economic experts argued that private determinations may non ever lead to socially desirable results ( peculiarly in the instance of market imperfectnesss ) . Indeed, many policy consumers at the clip saw market failures as quite common and hence assumed that merely appropriate governance interpositions could steer an economic system to a way of sustained economic development.In the early twentieth century, the former Soviet Union attempted a bold experiment of bettering single easybeing without giving the aim of greater equality of income and wealth by intact ownership of capital by the authorities. Initially, the Soviet Go vernment was able to raise productiveness through directed industrialisation and, at bottom a span of 25 old ages ( by the terminal of World War II ) , emerged as a world power. It was around this clip that a significant figure of colonised states were deriving their independency ( for illustration, India, Pakistan and Burma ) . Unfortunately, during their clip as settlements to the Western states, these states, for the most portion, had been deprived of the industrialisation that had engulfed those same Western states. Based on the successful experience of the former Soviet Union, many economic experts and policymakers concluded that, peculiarly in a hapless state, planning was indispensable for the efficient parcelling of an economic system s resources.The authoritiess in these freshly independent states assumed a important function in economic development. They sought to rapidly and well raise the criterion of life through directed and controlled economic development. Apart fro m everything else, these developing states invested to a great extent in instruction to advance literacy and to vouch an equal supply of proficient work force to run into their crook reads. Further, these antecedently colonized states did non desire to subject their hapless and weak economic systems to international economic fluctuations and therefore sought to industrialise through import replacing industrialisation, where imports were expected to be progressively replaced by domestic production.In this paper we go steady economic development in India, a former British settlement that became one of the most closed economic systems in the universe, to contrast the functions of authorities intercession and single endeavor in that state s economic growing. In peculiar, we demonstrate that, given recent economic reforms in India, along with the grounds for the function that single endeavor can play in a state s economic growing, the Indian authorities should invent policies that r ely more on single endeavor, with its accent upon single enterprise and opportunism, to spur economic development. Further, we describe the particular function that can be played in the economic development of India by a greater accent upon entrepreneurship.The program of the paper is as follows. Section I summarizes the scheme of economic development and the overall economic environment that has prevailed in India since its independency from the United Kingdom. Section II analyses the effects of regulated economic development in India, with peculiar accent on the deductions of the microeconomic facets of India s attack to its economic environment. Section III assesses the backwashs of India s economic reforms since the state s economic crisis of 1990, and highlights the function that single endeavor has played and can go on to play in that state s economic lucks. Section IV describes the particular function that entrepreneurship can play in India s attempts at economic growing. Fi nally, subdivision V summarizes the chief findings and concludes the paper.I. INDIA S STRATEGY OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTIndia s economic development scheme instantly after Independence was based chiefly on the Mahalanobis theoretical account, which gave penchant to the investing goods industries arena, with secondary importance accorded to the services and family goods sector ( Nayar, 2001 ) . For illustration, the Mahalanobis theoretical account placed strong accent on excavation and fabrication ( for the production of capital goods ) and infrastructural development ( including electricity coevals and transit ) . The theoretical account downplayed the function of the mill goods sector because it was more capital intensive and hence would non turn to the job of high unemployment in India. Any addition in planned investings in India required a higher stagecoach of nest eggs than existed in the state. Because of the low mean incomes in India, the needed higher degrees of nest eggs had to be generated chiefly by limitations on the growing of ingestion outgos. because, the Indian authorities implemented a progressive revenue sweetener system non merely to bring forth the higher degrees of savings2 but anyhow to curtail additions in income and wealth inequalities. Among other things, this scheme involved canalisation of resources into their most productive utilizations. Investings were carried out both by the authorities and the private sector, with the authorities puting in strategic sectors ( much(prenominal) as national defense mechanism ) and to a fault those sectors in which private capital would non be forthcoming because of slowdowns or the surface of investing required ( such as substructure ) . The private sector was required to lend to India s economic growing in ways envisaged by the authorities contrivers. Not merely did the authorities determine where concerns could put in footings of location, but it besides identified what concerns could bring forth, what they could sell, and what monetary values they could bear down.Therefore the scheme of economic development in India meant( 1 ) Direct engagement of the authorities in economic activities such as production and Selling.( 2 ) legislation of private sector economic activities through a complex system of controls.In add-on, the Indian economic system was sheltered from foreign competition through usage of both the infant industry statement and a adhering foreign exchange restraint. Imports were limited to goods considered indispensable either to the development of the economic system ( such as natural stuffs and machines ) or to the care of minimum life criterions ( such as rough oil and nutrient points ) . It was further decided that exports should play a limited function in economic development, thereby minimising the demand to vie in the planetary market topographic point. As a consequence,India became a relatively closed economic system, allowing merely limited econ omic minutess with other states. Domestic manufacturers were sheltered from foreign competition non merely from abroad but besides from within India itself.Over clip, India created a big figure of authorities establishments to run into the aim of growing with equity. The size of the authorities grew well as it played an progressively big function in the economic system in such countries as investing, production, retailing, and ordinance of the private sector. For illustration, in the late fiftiess and 1960s, the authorities established public sector endeavors in such countries as production and distribution of electricity, crude oil merchandises, steel, coal, and technology goods. In the late sixtiess, it nationalized the banking and insurance sectors. To relieve the deficits of nutrient and other untaught end products, it provided modern agricultural inputs ( for illustration farm machinery, irrigation, high giving assortments of seeds, chemical fertilisers ) to husbandmans at ex tremely subsidised monetary values ( World Economic Indicators, 2001 ) . In 1970, to increase foreign exchange net incomes, it designated exports as a precedence sector for active authorities aid and established, among other things, a office drawback system, programmes of aid for market development, and 100 per cent export-oriented entities to suffice manufacturers export ( Government of India, 1984 ) . Finally, from the late seventiess through the mid-1980s, India liberalized imports such that those non capable to licensing as a proportion to entire imports grew from five per cent in 1980-1981 to about 30 per cent in 1987-1988. However, this partial remotion of quantitative limitations was accompanied by a steep rise in duty rates. This active and dominant engagement by the authorities in economic activities resulted in the creative activity of a protected, highly-regulated, public sector-dominated economic environment. Along with this authorities domination of the economic syste m, India shortly faced non merely some study jobs in its overall attack to development, peculiarly in the unsophisticated of industrialisation, but besides a dramatic addition in corruptness in its economic system. Finally, like any other turning economic system, the Indian economic system faced a figure of serious sectoral instabilities, with deficits in some sectors and excesss in others. These effects of India s government-controlled economic system are discussed in deepness in the following subdivision.II. THE CONSEQUENCES OF INDIA S REGULATED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTIndia s environment of regulated economic development led to the preparation of policies that were concerned with both macroeconomic and microeconomic facets. Whereas much attending in the literature has been devoted to the macroeconomic issues, we focus chiefly on the microeconomic facets of Indian economic policies. In peculiar, we examine how persons guided by their opportunisms of endurance and wealth accretion wi ll move in a regulated environment, which in fact discourages the chase of those opportunisms. To make so, we describe the effects of India s usage of monetary value ceilings, in which monetary values are set below their equilibrium degree to do merchandises and services low-cost to comparatively hapless subdivisions of the society.III. ECONOMIC Reform THE MIXED RESULTS FOR INDIADue to authorities intercession, peculiarly the high degrees of authorities subsidies, it was clear by 1990 that India was populating beyond its agencies. The consequence was a terrible payments crisis in which, for the first clip, the authorities physically transported gilded overseas to forestall defaulting on foreign committednesss. To run into its immediate balance of payments crisis, India besides entered into a structural loan accommodation understanding with the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) . However, one status of this loan required India to set about economic reforms to travel from a centrall y-planned development scheme to one based on market-based resource allotments. As a consequence, the authorities of India undertook a bundle of economic reforms between 1991 and 1993, with the purpose of puting the market in topographic point of authorities controls as the premier mover in the economic development procedure. As one superpower anticipate, macroeconomic policy played a major function in India s economic advancement in the 1990s. For illustration, Acharya ( 2001 ) concludes that India s devaluation of the rupee and its determination to increase the degree of allowable foreign investing helped it to do considerable economic advancement. Joshi ( 2001 ) and Karunaratne ( 2001 ) both say that India s policy of selective capital history slackening helped it to accomplish of import economic aims ( and still avoided the crises faced by the East Asiatic states ) . Gupta ( 1999 ) highlights the of import function played by India s prudent billing of exchange rate policy and its tight pecuniary policy. Bhalla ( 2000 ) notes both the denationalization of the populace sector endeavors and the gradual dismantlement of the authorities be aftering procedure in favor of market forces.Overall, there can be no uncertainty that the reforms implemented since 1991 have led to considerable economic advancement in India. For illustration, from 1992-1993 through 2000-2001, economic growing averaged an unprecedented 6.3 per cent per twelvemonth. Further, as indicates, the rate of rising prices and the financial shortage have both decreased well. He besides says that India s improved exchange rate direction has restored the assurance of foreign investors, which in bend has led to improved funding of the current history shortage and higher degrees of foreign exchange militias.However, even though India has made significant economic advancement in recent old ages, it still has several countries in demand of major market-based reforms. Below, we identify three illustratio ns from India s economic system that reveal a limitation of the chase of single opportunism and a recreation of resources off from their most efficient usage. The first illustration concerns the obstruction still presented by the Indian revenue sweetener system, the 2nd high spots the inefficiencies of the Indian polished service, and the 3rd describes the demand for farther land reform in India.1. In malice of recent revenue enhancement reforms in India, the present revenue enhancement system still works against the single opportunism to last and roll up wealth and, as a consequence, still leads to the concealment of income, wealth and outgos. Indeed, whereas in the United States and the Republic of Korea, the highest revenue enhancement rate applies to an income degree of $ 250,000 and $ 66,000, severally, in India that same revenue enhancement rate applies to an income of merely $ 3,400. Simply reforming its revenue enhancement system to convey it in line with comparable states should give several significant benefits to the Indian economic system.2. The Indian civil service provides attractive occupation picks for immature occupation searchers due chiefly to the first-class occupation security, non-monetary compensation, and chances for influence available in those callings. For illustration, despite minimum wages for persons keeping top-tier places in such countries as disposal, constabulary, gross and railroads, these civil retainers are entitled to high occupation security and to a great extent subsidised lodging, conveyance, medical services, telephone privileges, and at times domestic aid. We believe that the policies underlying compensation to authorities employees should be reformed such that they are based chiefly on market rules. The advantages of making so include extinguishing sections known for corrupt patterns, doing expressed the true cost of a authorities employee s public presentation, and giving authorities employees a good sense of thei r market worth.3. Finally, considerable reform is needed in the Indian existent estate sector. A big proportion of the land is have by the authorities, and any land made available for private usage is governed by antediluvian ownership, districting, occupancy, and rent Torahs. Further, this authorities control of land has reduced the sum of land available for trading intents. The consequence is that Indian land monetary values are the highest among all Asiatic states relative to mean income ( Lewis, 2001 ) .IV. THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA S FUTURE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTThe advancement of Indian economic development from 1947 to the present provides farther grounds that persons do react to inducements in their chase of self-survival and accretion of wealth. Further, the nature of this response depends on the economic clime, peculiarly the function of the authorities. India s economic system struggled every bit long as it was based in a system of authorities ordinance with sm all interaction with economic forces outside the state. The economic reforms of the early 1990s set the phase for significant betterments in the Indian economic system. As was stated before, India s economic system grew at an norm of 6.3 per cent from 1992-1993 to 2000-2001. Further, its rate of rising prices and financial shortage both decreased well. Improved exchange rate direction led to improved funding of the current history shortage and higher foreign exchange militias. Finally, India s GDP and per capita income both change magnitude well from 1990-1991 to 1998-1999.India can make more, nevertheless, to further progress its economic development. Indeed, one of the more recent microeconomic attacks to economic growing is the publicity of entrepreneurial activities. Entrepreneurial attempts have been found to bring forth a broad scope of economic benefits, including new concerns, new occupations, advanced merchandises and services, and increased wealth for future community inv esting. The undermentioned narrative explains in considerable depth how entrepreneurial activities have succeeded in several states and how it can now be used to further India s economic development.DecisionThe Indian economic system provides a uncovering contrast between how persons react under a government-controlled environment and how they respond to a market-based environment. The grounds presented here suggests that recent market reforms promoting single endeavor have led to higher economic growing in that state. The consistent thinking here is non new, although it is reviewing to detect that this tried-and-true concluding applies to developing every bit good as to developed states. Specifically, trust upon a free market, with its accent upon single opportunism in endurance and wealth accretion, can give a broad scope of economic benefits. In India those benefits have included, among other things, increased economic growing, reduced rising prices, a smaller financial shorta ge, and higher influxs of the foreign capital needed for investing.We further conclude that India can bring forth extra economic growing by furthering entrepreneurial activities within its boundary lines, peculiarly within its burgeoning in-between category. Not merely has entrepreneurship been found to give important economic benefits in a broad assortment of states, but India specifically has reached a point in its development where it can accomplish similar consequences through entrepreneurial attempts. Among other things, India is poised to bring forth new concern start-ups in the high engineering country that can assist it go a major rival in the universe economic system. For illustration, it has a strong instruction base suited to entrepreneurial activities, increased influxs of foreign capital aimed at its turning information engineering services sector, and a host of successful new concern start-ups. To prosecute farther the entrepreneurial attack to economic growing, India must now supply chances for( 1 ) Education directed specifically at developing entrepreneurial accomplishments.( 2 ) Financing of entrepreneurial attempts( 3 ) Networking among possible enterprisers and their experient opposite numbers.Obviously, the authorities can play a significant function in assisting to supply these types of chances. It can besides supply the appropriate revenue enhancement and regulative policies and assist the citizens of India to understand the nexus between entrepreneurial attempts and economic prosperity. However, its function overall must be minimized so that the influence of the free market and single opportunism can be to the full realized.Lone clip will state if increased entrepreneurial activities in India will really give the economic benefits found in so many other states of the universe. Should India make up ones mind to prosecute that avenue of economic development, so future research demands to meditate the consequences of India s entrepreneuri al programme. Possibly more of import, that research besides needs to find how India s success in entrepreneurial attempts might differ from those engage in developed states.

Business Plan: Sugarcane Juice Industry

Executive Summary We are the students of BBA from AIUB under kind supervisor of sir MD. Mostofa Jaman started to work on modern and innovative idea that has not been before in Bangladesh. As a step towards growing entrepreneurship in Bangladesh we students of AIUB have a tradition to present our new and innovative idea in front of pile which could benefit the job situation in Bangladesh and so that we could become job givers not job beggars. sugar give the sacke juice industry is a business idea that deals is product. Our product is sugarcane juice in throne ring or pet bottles.Sugarcane juice is astray utilize in summer gruntle beca purpose of its adjudicate and low costs. Now in many countries its produced on chemical basis and there gross revenue are quite uplifted especially in Middle East countries. This juice is widely used in hot weather conditions. Industry Environment Over view of the industry Our business is the rive of fruit & vegetable industry of Bangladesh. Agriculture is the largest income and employment-generating sector of Bangladesh. About two third population of the clownish resides in rural areas and directly or indirectly depends on agriculture for their livelihood.The sector is an important blood ocellus of demands for its products. Company Locations and Facilities We select our industry location in Ashulia, Gazipur because we collect most of our sugarcanes from the north Bengal. The transportation clay with north Bengal to Ashulia is very good. Potential customers Our potential customers depart be every kind of individuals like ? Students at every take. (from school to universities) ?Employees who work the entire day in hot condition. ?Households, passengers. In summer season every kind of people with no age limit use this juice, because most of the people rescind unhygienic products.Initially we allow for only limit our geographical scope to capital of Bangladesh and then after sign success we result expand our targe t segments. We expect we will cover almost 30%-40% of Dhakas population which could be almost one million we expect that out of these 30%-40% we will capture 60%-70% of the mart. Direct competitors We dont have direct competitors in our product further in substitute products we have mainly big companies like Pran, Shezan, Akiz, Partex and so forth Marketing Business chance This is the business plan of a partnership in the name of Sugarcane juice. The plan is to process and market the high-quality sugarcane juice.First time in Bangladesh, juice will be preserved in tin pack keeping them as fresh as at time of extraction. Till now market deals in fresh fruit juices which can be easily preserved however this idea has not been catered yet. ingathering raw materials Bangladesh country is an agricultural country. In North Bengal the farmers produce a huge amount of sugarcane. So it is a great opportunities for us to collect our raw materials. 1st year we buy our raw materials from thos e farmer. On the other hand in that year we leas 450-500 acres of land from the farmers and produce sugarcane in those land.Our sugarcane outturn will be increase if we grab the market. Company impact Sugarcane juice is widely used because of its sweet taste and being a solution to different health problems. The cost of production and raw material is not so much. It needs not to be marketed so much because its a new thing which people will try and love a lot. Simply we can place it in universities cafeterias, gourmet franchises and grocery shops, the only thing we must do is to ensure its shelf life and long time preservation time. Company strategy In first year, our company will market in Dhaka.Dhaka will be sole market for first year. Then looking done our sales history we will expand our business opportunities to other big cities of Bangladesh. More products that will be processed in same way and will be included in product line after making a good repute in the history. Opera tion Organizational structure abdominal aortic aneurysm is an organization that will be legally formed as partnership firm. The partners will be Afroja Islam, Wasif Sabbir Hossain, Jabir Rahman, Shubo Saha and Md. Yusuf Raihan. from each one partner will contribute 20% as initial investment in business.Key management personnel 4 important surgical incisions will be there Purchasing and logistics Mr. Wasif Sabbir Hossain with one assistance (employee) will be responsible for all operating materials purchases at best possible rates and delivering at the appropriate time, use of just in time inventory. Production and Financial operations Md. Yousuf Raihan will be responsible for transfigure production process. He will also be responsible for financial records and accounting. Md. Yusuf Raihan needs the following faculty at the plant in the process. Process workers (1) MarketingMiss Afroja Islam is our marketing researcher. She alone with assistance of Jabir Rahman is responsible to design promotional campaigns and do art work for advertisement. Their main task is to work in celebration with sales department to create demand opportunities and find out new market segments. Warehouse Management and sales Mr. Shubo Saha will be responsible for managing finished goods inventory in Dhaka Warehouse and office and to go hand sales per decided and approved credit terms from financial department. Machinery requirement We use few kinds of machinery in our industry.Like crusher machine for crash sugarcane, filter machine for filter the crushed juice, labeling machine, can lid machine etc. Our plant capacity will be 3500-4000 Liters per day. Preservation system for sugarcane Aqueous ammonia (28% NH3 w/v) was mixed with 500ml batches freshly extracted sugarcane juice at level of 0, 0. 5, 1. 0, 1. 5, 2. 0, 2. 5 and 30% (w/v). the mixture were at a room temperature is sealed glass containers for 7 day period to measure changes in pH and Brix of the juice. Result for pH & Bri x during 7 days after treatment are shown in Table 1.It gives the trends in these measurement for sedimentary ammonia level of 0, 0. 5, 1. 0, 1. 5 and 2%. Results for higher concentrations were identical to those for 2% aqueous ammonia. It is obvious that ammonia works well as a preservation especially if fairly high level are used, at level above 2% w/v the juice becomes little palatable for cattle and such situations if should bereft to stand until the excess ammonia dissipates. It has been suggested by Leng and Preston (1976) that the optimum level of available nitrogen in the rumen to ensure optimum synthesis of microbial protein in 3 g N/100 g of fermentable organic matter.Taking this case of cane juice at 14 Brix, then this world require about 1. 5% (w/v) of aqueous ammonia (28% NH3 w/v) in order to provide the required amount of available nitrogen for microbial protein synthesis. In the experiment describe here, the inclusion of from 1. 5-2. 0% aqueous ammonia in the sugarc ane juice, thus provided the necessary amount of atomic number 7 for rumen systematic protein and also preserved the juice over 6 days. Investment and Projected Financials enceinte investment Business will be started with total capital of BDT 10,000,000. Each of five partners contributes 20% capital.Investment BDT warranter payment for 10 Marla building Plant & machinery Labeling machinery Can lid selling machinery Working capital total 200,000 4,060,000 90,000 110,000 4,662,000 9,122,000 Operating investment before earning BDT 4 months rent of plant building Wages for approx 2. 5 months guess initial recruitment cost Initial utility bills Total 160,000 100,000 20,000 40,000 320,000 Surplus= (10000000-9122000) =878,000 Surplus will be used to purchase operating materials for supplies for starting production. RA HAN

Spanish & Russian Empires

The age of exploration, a period of refinement for many Eurasian empires occured between 1450 and 1800. During this period two the Spanish and thep Russian empires were able to advance economically from their connections with societies westward. Both empires used some form of a labor system in order to oppose their social structures, despite the fact that where the laborers originated was different within the two empires. From a political standpoint, both empires were ferment under an autocratic government. This period was extremely crtical to the development of both the Spanish and Russian empires.Both the Spanish and Russian empires were goeverned by an autocratic body of government. The Russian empire was ruled by a czar, opus the title of the head of Spain is a king. The set up of the government of the Spanish empire was probably was develop by the catholic church, while the Russians probably modeled their government after ideas borrowed from the west. From a pollitical sta ndpoint the study difference between the empires was that the Spanish was a maritime empire while the Russian were a refinebased empire. spell the Spanish rivet primarily on expanding overseas, the Russians felt it was better to expandm without traveling overseas. Since the Spanish also controlled land overseas they developed a system known as viceroyalty, where a govenor was put in empower to oversee the control of the Spanish colonies in the new demesne. The Spanish and Russian empires both developed a similar social structure. At the bottom of social structure within both empires were the labor workers. Since both economies flourished based on agricultural successes, both societies required a group of people to work the lands.The Spanish relied primarily on forced laborers from outside of their colonies, typically consisting of slaves from Africa and the native Americans. Unlike the Spanish, the Russians looked towards locals to take part in a form of serfdom. Both the Span ish and Russian empires looked westward for ways to move foreward. The Spanish focused on economical advancements while the Russian empire focused mainly on social aspects. The Russians focused on social aspects because they felt that thier submission to the mongols had put them at a severe disadvantage to the europeans. The Russians borrowed estern ideas such as those used in art, architecture, and justice. The Spanish and Russian empires were both agricullturally based. The Spanish was an empire that not yet developed domestic trade but also traded overseas. The Spanish basically single-handedly brought the new world into the worldwide economy. The Spanish were at the forefront of the triangle trade which pumped alot of money into the European economy. The Columbian Exchange brought a lot of new cash and staple crops into Europe such as potatoes and tobacco. The Russian empire however focused on developing a local economy.The local peasentry was forced into serfdom. The rigid e nforcement of serfdom was put in place to work the land that supports Russian economy. The age of exploration, from 1450 to 1800 was a fine point in the development of many of the Eurasian empires. Despite being seperated by vast expanses of geographic features, ideas were able to blend profusely within seperate cultures. Clearly no amount of division can terminate the bridge between the building of two different empires.

Case study ‘Elite Hotel’ Essay

INTRODUCTIONIn this case, the operating environment for Elite Hotel run in Azerbaijan is like that it is a impertinentlyly independent republic country which formerly quality of the Soviet coalescency and situated between Iran and Tur discover. It is a lowly economic developed country but recently western sandwich oil companies atomic number 18 looking for inward investment in the development of its oil and gas diligence in this country. Therefore, there are plenty number of clients for the hotel and the local anaesthetic hotel plentyt service these mettle approximately level clientele. Thus it is worth to open an Elite Hotel in Azerbaijan. The hotel industry heavily utilizes repel for its day-by-day operations. It is people-centric and thus HR practices are crucial to organizational success. Coupled with newborn regulations on labor, the hotel industry is a useful example to learn from, due to its high dependency on manpower. This answer aims to exonerate some of the key issues faced by the industry and specifically Elite Hotel, through which insights are derived from Elite Hotels HRM strategies.THE MACRO OPERATING ENVIRONMENTLOCATIONThe hotel will locate at the capital city capital of Azerbaijan in Azerbaijan. This city has a cosmopolitan reputation in an overtly Muslim country which can be defined as a traditional virile dominance society. Therefore, the hotel needs to take vex and show the respect to the local glossiness. Moreover, this city often loss its power such as gas, water, electricity during daily living. In order to maintain the high quality service and seeking to expand, the hotel need to solve this power issue at first.2. DOMESTIC LABOR MARKET AND EVOLVING EXPECTATIONSAccording to the Trading Economics (2014), Azerbaijan has a high rate of unemployment at 5.2% in 2013. Hence, there are bands of well-educated people will to do any kinds of meditates. Due to the strong competition for labor, hotels face difficulties in recruitmen t and retention, especially when hotel jobs are viewed as a high level wage payment. Therefore, to hire the local employees, the hotel must consider genuinely carefully. Further more than(prenominal), this country also enforced a curfew, so if the hotel is seeking to expand, they must obey the laws and consider close the risk about the political instability.HR CHALLENGES1. TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENTThe issue of productivity has never been more pertinent than now. Elite Hotel will harbour to enhance productivity from a smaller pool of labor without compromising on service quality due to challenges in employment. Training therefore is needed to hitch up productivity and standards of service to meet customers expectations. In departments with peak and trough periods, training can be mixed- the waiters in the F&B Division can be trained as lobby hosts or raze wine sommeliers. Another problem is that the employee whitethorn not be reluctant to be training and conk off-work hours on job-relatedtasks (i.e. lessons)THE IMPORTANCE OF KEY HIRESThe importance of the first one or two hires is also a challenge. I have long endorsed and applied the approach of finding the one or two key candidates. These are leaders who are respected in their present positions in the market, or who may have previously worked there, relocated for career opportunities or unrelated personal reasons in another market and who may desire to return or are willing to return for the right opportunity, according to Owen Dorsey(2011).3. topical anesthetic VS. EXPATSome local candidates should be recruited since hotel may be influenced by its ownership structure which includes political or governmental factors geographically.Increasing governmental pressures have been witnessed to create more jobs for local people so as to eliminate the dependence on foreign employees. In this case, Elite Hotel is planning to employs a total of ccc full-time staff across 7 departments for locals are cheaper than their foreign counterparts. It is good news to the hotel owners and also forces hotel charge companies to think carefully when staffing a hotel. As Tim Williams (2013) addressed, Do not hire expats as Resident Manager, cortege or F&B Director unless you think they have the potential to push through to GM.4. THE oeuvre ENVIRONMENTElite Hotel faces other HR challenge pertaining to the local culture workplace environment and because of the culture in Azerbaijan is a traditional male dominance society. Therefore, how to balance the relationship between female and male employees is very important.Q2. WHAT STEPS COULD BE TAKEN TO ENSURE THAT THE COMPANY MEETS THESECHALLENGES AND WHAT PEOPLE CAN THE COMPANY key ON TO UNDERTAKE THESE TASKS?1. EVALUATION AND SUGGESTIONS FOR TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENTIt is of vital importance to see to it that employees are provided with friendship and skills which aims to achieve a high standard of customer service. Elite Hotel needs to examine its 1) Tr aining necessarily Assessment, 2) Training Design and 3) Training Delivery. Under assessment of training needs, it is crucial to identify the training objectives and priorities what KSAs (Knowledge, attainment and Ability) are needed in which department? How will task-specific KSAs evolve in the future as job descriptions change? In tackling the problem of unreceptiveness, Elite Hotel should focus on Training Design by analyzing discipline Readiness, Learning Styles and Learning Transfer, these which will eventually lead to effective learning.Managers need to find ways to elevate their employees self efficacy and motivation to learn before effective learning can occur. As part of job-site learning, Elite Hotel can introduce job rotations. This broadens ones experiences and knowledge of overall hotel operations. E.g. in the apparent movement Office Department, an employee can be rotated to the roles of concierge, front desk, porter. This is effective in teaching employees the technicalities of various roles, and in the event of manpower shortage, productivity will not be compromised.However, an employee might also be rotated away from a position that he excels in, resulting in underperformance in the new position. To mitigate this, Elite Hotel has to ensure that managers know the strengths and weaknesses of their staff. This aligns with its belief to spend more time on people, educate them, counsel them and invest in our people.2. EVALUATION AND SUGGESTIONS FOR THE IMPORTANCE OF KEY HIRESIn this case, if the Elite Hotel wants to set up a new hotel of international five-star quality, they have to look for experts to improve their network. Hiring an experienced GM or HR Director in the market would be the decisive factor especially when they are in place the whole liaison unlocks. Aftertheir join, the hotel could take advantage of their network to find out who they have worked with, who impressed them. Thats to say, the hotel may find potential clients. Nowadays typically a new brand in a new market may establish an executive committee which includes half internal hires and half external from the local market respectively.3. EVALUATION AND SUGGESTIONS FOR LOCAL VS. EXPATWith a very limited hotel supply, now the owners of hotel have to concentrate more on training. Michael Farrell, an Elite Hotel senior manager, argue that in some markets we are entering there is no local talent full stop, so we have to develop it. We put in a normal Manager and HR Director with very strong training focus and put a lot into people development. Over time we can then export and develop that local talent push in our older hotels back in Europe so that they eventually return back inhabitation with a raft of best practices to share.4. EVALUATION AND SUGGESTIONS FOR THE WORKPLACE ENVIRONMENTEnforcing that only the English language is intercommunicate during work hours can address part of this problem. Elite Hotel also needs to manage relationships wit h NTUC, especially when nimble union members try to lobby for increased welfare and in particular, increased salaries. The hotel mavens, say, HR, need to study in the latest legislation and regulations, for instance, Employment of Foreign Manpower Act, Trade Unions Act and Work Injury earnings Act etc. Moreover they have to keep learning professional knowledge through programs, courses and seminars. character LISTTrading Economics, 2014,http//www.tradingeconomics.com/azerbaijan/unemployment-rateOwen Dorsey. 2011, Tourism student perceptions of a travel agency career.Tourism and Hospitality Research, 1 (4), 295 312.